Of the three genera of influenza viruses that cause human flu, two also cause influenza in pigs, with influenza A being common in pigs and influenza C being rare. Influenza B has not been reported in pigs. Within influenza A and influenza C, the strains found in pigs and humans are largely distinct, although because of reassortment there have been transfers of genes among strains crossing swine, avian, and human species boundaries.
Influenza C
Influenza C viruses infect both humans and pigs, but do not infect birds. Transmission between pigs and humans have occurred in the past. For example, influenza C caused small outbreaks of a mild form of influenza amongst children in Japan and California. Because of its limited host range and the lack of genetic diversity in influenza C, this form of influenza does not cause pandemics in humans.
Influenza A
Swine influenza is known to be caused by influenza A subtypes H1N1, H1N2, H2N3,H3N1 and H3N2. In pigs, three influenza A virus subtypes (H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2) are the most common strains worldwide.[11] In the United States, the H1N1 subtype was exclusively prevalent among swine populations before 1998; however, since late August 1998, H3N2 subtypes have been isolated from pigs. As of 2004, H3N2 virus isolates in US swine and turkey stocks were triple reassortants, containing genes from human (HA, NA, and PB1), swine (NS, NP, and M), and avian (PB2 and PA) lineages.
Surveillance
Although there is no formal national surveillance system in the United States to determine what viruses are circulating in pigs, there is an informal surveillance network in the United States that is part of a world surveillance network.
Veterinary medical pathologist, Tracey McNamara, set up a national disease surveillance system in zoos because the zoos do active disease surveillance and many of the exotic animals housed there have broad susceptibilities. Many species fall below the radar of any federal agencies (including dogs, cats, pet prairie dogs, zoo animals, and urban wildlife), even though they may be important in the early detection of human disease outbreaks.
H1N1 flu advisory
In the wake of recent spread of H1N1 flu also known as Swine flu in the country , we ( the admin. team ) would like to share some useful information , precautionary measures and preparedness level at FIS India locations .
Here are some important facts on H1 N1 flu :
· Do Not Panic.
· It is 100% curable if treated in time.
· No emergency situation in the state / country - The Govt has not yet declared the situation out of control anywhere in the country.
· By taking some basic preventive measures you can avoid getting infected.
Some FAQs on swine flu :
What is swine flu?
Swine Influenza (swine flu) is a respiratory disease of pigs caused by type A influenza viruses that causes regular outbreaks in pigs. People do not normally get swine flu, but human infections can and do happen. Swine flu viruses have been reported to spread from person-to-person, but in the past, this transmission was limited and not sustained beyond three people.
Is this swine flu virus contagious?
CDC has determined that this swine influenza A (H1N1) virus is contagious and is spreading from human to human. However, at this time, it not known how easily the virus spreads between people.
Symptoms of swine flu
Symptoms of swine flu are like any other flu
· Fever
· Cough
· Sore throat
· Aches and pains
· Headaches
· Tiredness
· Loss of appetite
· Sometimes diarrhea and vomiting
What should I do if I see these symptoms?
if you have any of the above listed symptoms or combination there of , then pls. do not ignore and visit the nearest designated hospital (listed here or find out the name of the hospital from the local help line or the national toll free help line - 1800-11-4377 ) . Do not try to avoid going to the doctor because people scare you about quarantine etc., It is better to have a professional treat you than stay at home and hope for the best. The doctor's treatment will involve medicines.
The govt of India notification on H1 N1 :
"Any person with flu like symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, cold, running nose etc. should go to a designated Government facility for giving his/her sample for testing for the H1N1 virus. After clinical assessment, the designated medical officer would decide on the need for testing. Except for cases that are severe, the patient would be allowed to go home (This was not allowed under the existing guidelines).
The sample of the suspect case would be collected and sent to the notified laboratory for testing. If tested as positive for H1N1 and in case the symptoms are mild, the patient would be informed and given the option of admission into the hospital or isolation and treatment at his own home.
In case the patient opts for home isolation and treatment, he/she would be provided with detailed guidelines / safety measures to be strictly adhered to by the entire household of the patient. He/ she would have to provide full contact details of his entire household. The house hold and social contacts would be provided with the preventive treatment.
Notwithstanding the above guidelines, the decision of the doctor of the notified hospital about admitting the patient would be final."
Even if swine flu is suspected based on symptoms, unless a test is done at a lab, it cannot be confirmed. Since the identification of this virus is done by government labs like the NICD etc., the government hospitals can confirm faster if you have the H1N1 virus or not.
The Government of India is also assuring everyone that they have well trained doctors at their facilities and adequate stocks of the right medicines. The government has also passed strictures forbidding the sales of medicines used in swine flu in the open market and have taken control of stock. They have also gotten ready the mechanisms to test to check if the virus causing flu like symptoms is swine flu (H1N1) or not.
How will it be treated?
The doctor will decide your course of treatment. Oseltamvir and Tamiflu seem to be the popularly used medicines for this. The doctor will prescribe rest and also ask you to ensure that you are getting enough liquids especially if you have diarrhea or vomiting. Doctors may also prescribe other medicines like painkillers, antibiotics for protection against other infections etc.
Help line numbers:
National : 1075 / 1800-11-4377
Mumbai : 022- 2392 1401 / 2265 3460 / 2308 3901
Delhi : 011- 2452 5211 / 2340 4328 / 2336 5525
Chennai : 044- 2532 1569
Banglore : 080- 26631923
Chandigarh : 102 2782457
Here are some important facts on H1 N1 flu :
· Do Not Panic.
· It is 100% curable if treated in time.
· No emergency situation in the state / country - The Govt has not yet declared the situation out of control anywhere in the country.
· By taking some basic preventive measures you can avoid getting infected.
Some FAQs on swine flu :
What is swine flu?
Swine Influenza (swine flu) is a respiratory disease of pigs caused by type A influenza viruses that causes regular outbreaks in pigs. People do not normally get swine flu, but human infections can and do happen. Swine flu viruses have been reported to spread from person-to-person, but in the past, this transmission was limited and not sustained beyond three people.
Is this swine flu virus contagious?
CDC has determined that this swine influenza A (H1N1) virus is contagious and is spreading from human to human. However, at this time, it not known how easily the virus spreads between people.
Symptoms of swine flu
Symptoms of swine flu are like any other flu
· Fever
· Cough
· Sore throat
· Aches and pains
· Headaches
· Tiredness
· Loss of appetite
· Sometimes diarrhea and vomiting
What should I do if I see these symptoms?
if you have any of the above listed symptoms or combination there of , then pls. do not ignore and visit the nearest designated hospital (listed here or find out the name of the hospital from the local help line or the national toll free help line - 1800-11-4377 ) . Do not try to avoid going to the doctor because people scare you about quarantine etc., It is better to have a professional treat you than stay at home and hope for the best. The doctor's treatment will involve medicines.
The govt of India notification on H1 N1 :
"Any person with flu like symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, cold, running nose etc. should go to a designated Government facility for giving his/her sample for testing for the H1N1 virus. After clinical assessment, the designated medical officer would decide on the need for testing. Except for cases that are severe, the patient would be allowed to go home (This was not allowed under the existing guidelines).
The sample of the suspect case would be collected and sent to the notified laboratory for testing. If tested as positive for H1N1 and in case the symptoms are mild, the patient would be informed and given the option of admission into the hospital or isolation and treatment at his own home.
In case the patient opts for home isolation and treatment, he/she would be provided with detailed guidelines / safety measures to be strictly adhered to by the entire household of the patient. He/ she would have to provide full contact details of his entire household. The house hold and social contacts would be provided with the preventive treatment.
Notwithstanding the above guidelines, the decision of the doctor of the notified hospital about admitting the patient would be final."
Even if swine flu is suspected based on symptoms, unless a test is done at a lab, it cannot be confirmed. Since the identification of this virus is done by government labs like the NICD etc., the government hospitals can confirm faster if you have the H1N1 virus or not.
The Government of India is also assuring everyone that they have well trained doctors at their facilities and adequate stocks of the right medicines. The government has also passed strictures forbidding the sales of medicines used in swine flu in the open market and have taken control of stock. They have also gotten ready the mechanisms to test to check if the virus causing flu like symptoms is swine flu (H1N1) or not.
How will it be treated?
The doctor will decide your course of treatment. Oseltamvir and Tamiflu seem to be the popularly used medicines for this. The doctor will prescribe rest and also ask you to ensure that you are getting enough liquids especially if you have diarrhea or vomiting. Doctors may also prescribe other medicines like painkillers, antibiotics for protection against other infections etc.
Help line numbers:
National : 1075 / 1800-11-4377
Mumbai : 022- 2392 1401 / 2265 3460 / 2308 3901
Delhi : 011- 2452 5211 / 2340 4328 / 2336 5525
Chennai : 044- 2532 1569
Banglore : 080- 26631923
Chandigarh : 102 2782457
List of Govt designated hospitals in Mumbai
Name of the Hospital,.... Location ,.... Contact Nos
Kasturba Hospital Mahalaxmi,...Mahalaxmi,.... 23000889/23083901
Bhabha Hospital,.... Bandra-W,.... 26422541/26422775
Rajawadi Hospital,.... Ghatkopar-E,.... 250374149/25094150
Bhagwati Hospital,.... Dahisar-W,.... 28932461/28933740
M T Agarwal Hospital,.... Mulund-W 25640767/25605729
Siddharth Hospital ,....Goregaon-W,.... 28766885/28766886
Hiranandani,.... Powai,.... 25763300/25763333
Kasturba Hospital Mahalaxmi,...Mahalaxmi,.... 23000889/23083901
Bhabha Hospital,.... Bandra-W,.... 26422541/26422775
Rajawadi Hospital,.... Ghatkopar-E,.... 250374149/25094150
Bhagwati Hospital,.... Dahisar-W,.... 28932461/28933740
M T Agarwal Hospital,.... Mulund-W 25640767/25605729
Siddharth Hospital ,....Goregaon-W,.... 28766885/28766886
Hiranandani,.... Powai,.... 25763300/25763333
List of Govt designated hospitals in Delhi and Gurgaon
Name of the Hospital,.... Location ,.... Contact Nos
Neelkanth Hospital,...DLF City, Gurgaon,.... 0124-4013696/Dr Hinamshu - 9810422141
AIIMS,.... Ansari Nagar, Aurobindo Marg Ring Road, New Delhi - 29,.... 26861698/ Prof. R C Deka - 9868397464
National Institute for Communicable Diseases ,.... 22, Sham Nath Marg,New Delhi,.... (011) 23971272/060/344/524/449/326
Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital,.... Kharak Singh Marg,New Delhi 01,.... (011) 23741640,/23741649 23741639 - Dr. N K Chaturvedi – 9811101704
Vallabhai Patel Chest Institute,.... University Enclave, New Delhi- 07,.... (011) 27667102/27667441, 27667667, 27666182
Neelkanth Hospital,...DLF City, Gurgaon,.... 0124-4013696/Dr Hinamshu - 9810422141
AIIMS,.... Ansari Nagar, Aurobindo Marg Ring Road, New Delhi - 29,.... 26861698/ Prof. R C Deka - 9868397464
National Institute for Communicable Diseases ,.... 22, Sham Nath Marg,New Delhi,.... (011) 23971272/060/344/524/449/326
Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital,.... Kharak Singh Marg,New Delhi 01,.... (011) 23741640,/23741649 23741639 - Dr. N K Chaturvedi – 9811101704
Vallabhai Patel Chest Institute,.... University Enclave, New Delhi- 07,.... (011) 27667102/27667441, 27667667, 27666182
List of Govt designated hospitals in pune,Chandigarh,Bangalore, Kolkata
Name of the Hospital,.... Location ,.... Contact Nos
King institute of Preventive Medicine Chennai,...Guindy, Chennai - 600 032,.... 044- 22501706
Govt Multispecility Hospital -16,.... Chandigarh,.... 102 2782457
Govt Multispecility Hospital -32,....Chandigarh ,.... 102 2782457
Lakeside Medical Centre & Hospital,.... No.33/4, Nr Ulsoor Lake, Meance Avenue Rd,.... +(91)-(80)-25366723/ 25360823/ 25512934/ 25542740
Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Chest Diseases,.... Near NIMHANS, Hombegowda Nagar ,.... +91-80-26632634
Victoria Hospital ,....Fort Road,.... 080 26703294
ID Hospital,.... 57,Beliaghata, Beliaghata Road, Kolkata - 10,....(033) 23701252
King institute of Preventive Medicine Chennai,...Guindy, Chennai - 600 032,.... 044- 22501706
Govt Multispecility Hospital -16,.... Chandigarh,.... 102 2782457
Govt Multispecility Hospital -32,....Chandigarh ,.... 102 2782457
Lakeside Medical Centre & Hospital,.... No.33/4, Nr Ulsoor Lake, Meance Avenue Rd,.... +(91)-(80)-25366723/ 25360823/ 25512934/ 25542740
Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Chest Diseases,.... Near NIMHANS, Hombegowda Nagar ,.... +91-80-26632634
Victoria Hospital ,....Fort Road,.... 080 26703294
ID Hospital,.... 57,Beliaghata, Beliaghata Road, Kolkata - 10,....(033) 23701252
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